Faithful Gentiles

The ancient Greeks thought of themselves as the only truly civilized people; anyone who was not Greek was considered to be “barbarian.”

The ancient Israelites called those who were not a part of their tribe “people of the nations,” “ethnos” i.e. “gentiles.”

Defining who is in and who is out has been happening for much of human history and our cultural stories have always included tales of people who are “other.” But a surprising number of those stories describe outsiders whose character and courage upended “insider” expectations.

  • The good Samaritan.
  • The hooker with a heart of gold.
  • Wisdom from the mouth of babes.

I call Job a “faithful Gentile” because his story is not told within the context of the Abraham-Isaac-and-Jacob tradition. It is not understood within the circumstance of Moses and the Exodus and so he seems to have existed apart from the claimed lineage of Israel.

Job’s tale is its own, set outside of time: “There once was a man in the land of Uz …”

Not many stories are as powerful as the drama of Job.

A righteous man, blameless and upright, “no one like him on the earth.” And then his loves, his living, his life were all placed in jeopardy by an odd divine wager unleashing mountains of troubles, oceans of despair and miserable comforters. We hear blessing and cursing and eloquent searching. We listen to assertions of innocence and guilt. We recognize calls for judgment and justice.

A183PR A destitute man complaining.Addis Ababa. Ethiopia. Image shot 2006. Exact date unknown.

Growing up, the conventional wisdom from my childhood praised the “patience of Job.”

But as I came to read the story for myself instead of just hearing it in Sunday School (a very important phase in the growing up process!), I realized Job didn’t sound at all “patient.”

Like some of the psalmists, Job doubts, complains, criticizes, argues, proclaims his righteousness and challenges God to a contest of integrity.

What a relief it was for me to discover that doubt is a crucial part of faith!
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Psalm 6

Be gracious to me, O Lord, for I am languishing;

O Lord, heal me, for my bones are shaking with terror.
                             —how long?!?!

More questions. The Psalms overflow with the mystery of living.

Psalm 6 struggles with what may be some physical illness. This psalm certainly speaks to those of us who have languished in the pain or fear or misery of our body’s un-health and dis-ease.

Ever since our earliest history, we humans have wondered if negative physical circumstances could be the result of some sin or some failure to please the gods.

Does the drought or the flood come because of sin?

Did the cancer or heart failure happen because of something we did wrong? Are we being punished? Or disciplined?

The psalmist seems to think so.

O Lord, do not rebuke me in your anger or discipline me in your wrath.

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Damascus Roads

Some of us have had our cataracts removed and we still remember the amazement when the doctor removed the eye patch. It’s a sudden and startling reversal.

“I once was blind but now I see” – were the words that came to my mind at the time. It was as if “something like scales” had fallen from my eyes.

I love this story about Saul of Tarsus who becomes for us Paul the Apostle. I love the startling reversal, the U-turn in his life. I love the way the story is told, folding in so many other biblical images from so many other stories: the split open sky, visions into the heavens, a blinding light, the three days of darkness.

Three Days like Jonah in the belly of the whale. Three Days like Jesus in the tomb. Three Days of darkness that brought enlightenment.

Conversion_of_Saint_Paul_(Michelangelo_Buonarroti)

Luke tells this story of Saul of Tarsus’ Damascus Road experience as yet another story of God’s unlikely, unexpected, unpredictable grace.

Gene Boring and Fred Craddock say:

The whole story is not about Saul’s successful quest for God, but about the grace of God that transforms a persecutor into a missionary.

Readers are called not to admire Saul, but to rejoice that they belong to a church whose mission is empowered and directed by such a God.

Eugene Boring and Fred B. Craddock, The People’s New Testament Commentary (Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2004) 398.

Paul’s vision, Paul’s epiphany – this moment of coming to awareness; this “ah hah!” moment; this “now I get it” moment – is a resurrection story.

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Psalm 121

I lift up my eyes to the hills—from where will my help come?

My help comes from the Lord who made heaven and earth.

The beautiful and beloved Psalm 121 offers deep comfort and assurance.

It is part of the collection of Song of Ascents, hymns sung as pilgrims made their way up to Jerusalem. Remembering the Lord who travels with them on the way to Temple continues as a powerful metaphor for the God who travels with us every step of the way in all of life’s journey.

He will not let your foot be moved; the One who who keeps you will not slumber.

The One who keeps Israel will neither slumber nor sleep.

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Jesus Wept

lincoln-military-defense

As we watched the powerful movie Lincoln, I was particularly moved by one scene where President Lincoln rides slowly through a still smoldering battlefield.

Everywhere he looks, the bodies of soldiers are tumbled together, a horrific grey and blue sculpture of death and destruction.

I wept.

It was just after the Civil War that the commemoration of Memorial Day began. Memorial Day was instituted because people wanted to remember the fallen soldiers from both the North and the South.

But this time of memorial also forces us to remember our warring madness and the horrible fact that in these years, 750,000 fellow Americans had killed one another.

This was also around the same time that Julia Ward Howe initiated a Mother’s Peace Day observance.

Too many mothers, too many grandmothers had lowered their bright, brave sons into graves. Too many mothers had wept in the night and still ached with each morning’s light.

“Enough is enough,” they said. Julia Howe’s call for peace is now our annual Mothers’ Day celebration but it began in 1870 as a way to remember the weeping of mothers and the waste of war.

On the day Jesus rode into Jerusalem, on the day before he carried his old rugged cross up the hillside, he wept. Not for himself, but for all those who turned their backs on the peace he offered and who instead – as people will do – turned to violence.

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Psalm 7

O Lord my God, in you I take refuge; save me from all my pursuers, and deliver me …

O Lord my God, if I have done this, if there is wrong in my hands, if I have repaid my ally with harm or plundered my foe without cause, then let the enemy pursue and overtake me …

Our psalmist in Psalm 7 stands boldly before the LORD his God and proclaims his righteousness in this situation. He prays for vindication, for God to keep the promise of protection and rescue in the face of unjust persecution.

 Awake, O my God; you have appointed a judgment …

O let the evil of the wicked come to an end, but establish the righteous, you who test the minds and hearts, O righteous God.

Many of the psalms confess sin and acknowledge God’s right to judge and punish. But many other poems call out rampant injustice and petition God to remain faithful to covenant by protecting the righteous and hindering those who practice unrighteousness.

There is a sense in which the psalmist seeks personal protection and vindication. He celebrates “God as my refuge, my shield.”

But in another sense, the yearning of the poet is that God’s own righteousness will be vindicated in the earth.

He prays that “the wicked” will come to know beyond any doubt that God’s righteousness and integrity WILL triumph and reign throughout the world.

See how they conceive evil, and are pregnant with mischief, and bring forth lies.

They make a pit, digging it out, and fall into the hole that they have made. Their mischief returns upon their own heads, and on their own heads their violence descends.

Look here at the images of conception, pregnancy and delivery. The poet’s brilliance allows us to see clearly how wickedness develops from thought to action.

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The Cosmic Cornerstone

The Book of Acts continues Luke’s Gospel by telling the story of the Spirit of the Risen Christ let loose in the church and in the world.

Throughout this second volume of Luke’s writings, he tells story after story of the church’s experience with the Spirit and of these Christians’ faithful witness to the gospel: the good news of God’s saving work of grace and redemption that has been made available for all.

Consider Luke’s story of Peter.

Since we are reading both Luke’s gospel and Acts at the same time in our Living in The Story effort, we know quite a bit about Peter. Very soon in Luke’s Gospel, we will read about Peter’s great shame: his denial of Jesus, his betrayal of love, his fear and cowardice and abandonment of everything he had come to believe in.

But when Luke describes Peter here in Acts, we see Peter’s uncompromising boldness for the gospel; we see what a miraculous work of transformation has been accomplished in his life by the power of Pentecost Spirit.

After the healing of a lame man in Acts 4, Peter proclaims: This man has been healed, has been saved by the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth, whom you crucified, whom God raised from the dead. This Jesus is “the stone that was rejected by you, the builders; it has become the cornerstone.

Luke’s Peter quotes Psalm 118:

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Psalm 103

Bless the Lord, O my soul!

And all that is within me, bless God’s holy name.

Bless the Lord, O my soul and do not forget all his benefits—

Then Psalm 103 proceeds to list some of those benefits.

Forgiveness

Healing

Redemption

Steadfast love

Mercy/Compassion

Goodness

Vindication

Justice

Any who claim the God of the Old Testament is a god who only judges and condemns need to read again the grace and mercy of this psalm.

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As You Read Joshua and Judges. Violence in Scripture

In our Living in The Story project, when we come to the reading of Old Testament books like Joshua and Judges, we read horrific stories of war and violence. Walter Brueggemann says:

There is no question more troubling for theological interpretation of the Old Testament than the undercurrent of violence that runs through a good bit of the text.

There is, moreover, no part of the textual tradition that is more permeated with violence than the conquest traditions of Joshua and Judges.

And so (we may well ask) why on earth are we reading these ancient stories that so offend our modern, civilized sensibilities?

What do these stories of Joshua and the defeat of the city of Jericho, of Deborah and the taking of the land of Canaan have to do with us?

Well, for one thing – like making ourselves sit down and watch a movie like Lincoln – these stories cause us to remember that this is OUR human story. Violence is a part of who we are. Atrocity is what we all are capable of.

We must remember that. We must not forget how tempting it is for every one of us humans to sin against shalom.

But when we read these stories in the Church’s Scriptures, there is another aspect that is even more troubling than the persistent reality of human violence. Very often this narrated violence is represented in the Bible to be sanctioned by – even commanded by – God.

When Joshua and the armies of Israel marched around the city of Jericho, when the priests blew the trumpets, when the walls of Jericho came tumbling down, the text says Joshua said:

Shout! For the Lord has given you the city. The city and all that is in it shall be devoted to the Lord for destruction. … Then they devoted to destruction by the edge of the sword everything in the city – men and women, young and old, oxen, sheep, and donkeys …

Joshua 6

I don’t know about you, but I have trouble saying: “The Word of the Lord. Thanks be to God” whenever I read something like this. It’s hard for me to stomach that this proactive violence is part of our Holy Scripture

Here are some helpful insights I’ve gained as I’ve pondered some of these difficult passages in the Bible; maybe they will help you as well.

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Pentecost People

During our Living in The Story effort, we’ve been following the story of one biblical family: Abraham to Isaac to Jacob to Joseph to Moses and now (in Week 20) Joshua, Moses’ heir and Israel’s new leader.

After forty years of wandering in the wilderness, the people of Israel finally crossed the Jordan River under Joshua’s leadership and moved into the land God had promised to their ancestors.

During these past few weeks, we’ve also been following the Gospel according to Luke and considering his understanding of the Christ event.

Luke’s Jesus stands squarely in the lineage of Abraham and the tradition of Moses. He is a son of Israel, or as Christian theology would say it: THE Son of Israel. Jesus was the one who lived his life in perfect obedience to Torah, loving God and loving neighbor as no one had done before or since.

Now we add Luke’s second volume, The Acts of the Apostles, to our readings. In Acts, we encounter the Resurrected Christ and the Spirit of the Risen Christ moving in astounding ways and expanding  what it means to be the Chosen People, what it means to belong to the People of the Covenant.

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The story in Acts 2 is the story of the ancient feast of Pentecost celebrated fifty days after Passover. For a thousand year, Pentecost, “Shavuot” had been the occasion for Israel to give thanks for the early harvest that arrived with all of its refreshing renewal.

The mystery of life, the reminder of abundance, the promise of new beginnings.

So how fitting it was that Pentecost became the occasion for this family, this one people that had grown from a small like-minded kinship group to now begin exploding into an expansive and diverse people!

This is the reign of God.
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